Occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater process streams in Dublin, Ireland (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment)
(Clair Lacey, Anne Morrissey, John Tobin
,,,1049-1062., Year: 2011)
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The aim of this work is to establish baseline levels of pharmaceuticals in three wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) streams in the greater Dublin region to assess the removal efficiency of the selected WWTPs and to investigate the existence of any seasonal variability. Twenty compounds including several classes of antibiotics, acidic and basic pharmaceuticals, and prescribed medications were selected for investigation using a combination of membrane filtration, solid phase extraction (SPE) cleanup, and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Fourteen of the selected compounds were found in the samples. Increased effluent concentrations, compared to influent concentrations, for a number of compounds (carbamazepine, clotrimazole, propranolol, nimesulide, furosemide, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, metoprolol, and gemfibrozil) were observed. The detected concentrations were generally below toxicity levels and based on current knowledge are unlikely to pose any threat to aquatic species. Mefenamic acid concentrations detected in both Leixlip and Swords effluents may potentially exert ecotoxicological effects with maximum risk quotients (i.e., ratio of predicted exposure concentration to predicted no effect concentration) of 4.04 and 1.33, respectively.
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Quantitative classification of DNA damages induced by submicromolar cadmium using oligonucleotide chip coupled with lesion-specific endonuclease digestion (Environmental science & technology)
(Sukdeb Pal, Ji Yeon Kim, Sun Hee Park, Heung Bin Lim, Kyeong-Hee Lee, Joon Myong Song,Vol(45),Issue(10),Pages(4460-4467),,, Year: 2011)
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Implementation of proper analytical tool for systematic investigation and quantitative determination of different classes of cadmium ion-induced DNA damages, especially at low metal ion concentrations, is still lacking. Using lesion-specific enzymes that cleave DNA at specific classes of damage and a fluorometric approach developed for quantifying fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotides bound to chip surfaces, we determined the frequencies of different lesions (strand breaks, oxidized purines, oxidized pyrimidines, or abasic sites) induced by submicromolar Cd2+. Cd2+-treated oligonucleotide chips were digested with various endonucleases (Fpg protein, endonuclease III, endouclease IV), producing a de novo single strand break (SSB) at their substrate modifications.
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High-content screening of drug-induced cardiotoxicity using quantitative single cell imaging cytometry on microfluidic device (Lab on a Chip
)
(Min Jung Kim, Su Chul Lee, Sukdeb Pal, Eunyoung Han, Joon Myong Song,Vol(11),Issue(1),Pagess(104-114),,, Year: 2011)
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Drug-induced cardiotoxicity or cytotoxicity followed by cell death in cardiac muscle is one of the major concerns in drug development. Herein, we report a high-content quantitative multicolor single cell imaging tool for automatic screening of drug-induced cardiotoxicity in an intact cell. A tunable multicolor imaging system coupled with a miniaturized sample platform was destined to elucidate drug-induced cardiotoxicity via simultaneous quantitative monitoring of intracellular sodium ion concentration, potassium ion channel permeability and apoptosis/necrosis in H9c2(2?1) cell line. Cells were treated with cisapride (a human ether-?-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel blocker), digoxin (Na+/K+-pump blocker), camptothecin (anticancer agent) and a newly synthesized anti-cancer drug candidate (SH-03).
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Treatment options for wastewater from pharmaceutical companies: a review (The International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology)
(A.M.Deegan, K.Nolan, K.Urell, M. Oelgemoeller, J.Tobin, A.Morrissey,,,649-666 , Year: 2011)
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" In recent years, concerns about the occurrence and fate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, solvents, intermediates and raw materials that could be present in water and wastewater including pharmaceutical industry wastewater has gained increasing attention. Traditional wastewater treatment methods, such as activated sludge, are not sufficient for the complete removal of active pharmaceutical ingredients and other wastewater constituents from these waters. As a result, complementary treatment methods such as membrane filtration, reverse osmosis and activated carbon are often used in conjunction with the traditional methods for treatment of industrial wastewater. Most of the literature published to date has been on the treatment of municipal wastewater. However, there is a growing body of research that looks at the presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients in industrial wastewater, the treatment of these wastewaters and the removal rates. This article, reviews these treatment methods and includes both traditional methods and advanced oxidation processes. The paper concludes by showing that the problem of pharmaceuticals in wastewaters cannot be solved merely by adopting end of pipe measures. At source measures, such as replacement of critical chemicals, reduction in raw material consumption should continue to be pursued as the top priority"
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Novel integrated photocatalytic adsorbents (IPCAs) for degradation of pharmaceuticals from water and wastewater (EPA (European photochemistry Association) Newsletter)
( D.Keane, K. Nolan, A.Morrissey, M.Oelgemöller, J.M. Tobi,,,18-21, Year: 2011)
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The presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the aquatic environment and their possible effects on living organisms has emerged as a serious environmental concern. There is an increasing need for a cost- and energy-effective clean technology for the removal and degradation of organic compounds before they find their way into ground water wells and surface waters. Photocatalysis using cheap and non-toxic TiO2 has been recently used to degrade pharmaceuticals and pesticides in water, and was found to be superior to conventional methods. However, large scale application has been hindered by problems associated with its preferential use in slurry form and the high cost of radiation of large slurry volumes. Therefore, it is proposed to combine ell-established adsorption on activated carbon with rather novel TiO2 photocatalysis. This strategy will lead to the development of TiO2-coated activated carbon materials, i.e. integrated photocatalytic adsorbents (IPCAs).
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Non-specificity of phage enzymes (International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences)
(W. N. Paunikar, S.G. Sanmukh, T. K. Ghosh,,,p B546-B552, Year: 2011)
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No information is available
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Exploring the hypothetical proteins in Rizhophages and their role in influencing Rhizobium species in soil (CiiT International Journal of Artificial Intelligent Systems and Machine Learning)
(W. N. Paunikar, S.G. Sanmukh, T. K. Ghosh ,,,, Year: 2011)
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No information is available
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Study of hypothetical proteins in Shigella phages (CiiT International Journal of Fuzzy Systems)
(S. G. Sanmukh, W. N. Paunikar,,,, Year: 2011)
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No information is available
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Functionality search in hypothetical proteins of Halobacterium salinarum (CiiT International Journal of Fuzzy Systems)
( S. G. Sanmukh, W.N. Paunikar, D. B. Meshram, T. K. Ghosh,,,, Year: 2011)
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No information is available
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E-waste scenario in India, its management and implications (Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment)
(P. S. Dutt
,172 ,1-4,249-62, Year: 2011)
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Electronic waste or E-waste comprises of old, end-of-life electronic appliances such as computers, laptops, TVs, DVD players, refrigerators, freezers, mobile phones, MP3 players, etc., which have been disposed of by their original users. E-waste contains many hazardous constituents that may negatively impact the environment and affect human health if not properly managed. Various organizations, bodies, and governments of many countries have adopted and/or developed the environmentally sound options and strategies for E-waste management to tackle the ever growing threat of E-waste to the environment and human health. This paper presents E-waste composition, categorization, Global and Indian E-waste scenarios, prospects of recoverable, recyclable, and hazardous materials found in the E-waste, Best Available Practices, recycling, and recovery processes followed, and their environmental and occupational hazards. Based on the discussion, various challenges for E-waste management particularly in India are delineated, and needed policy interventions were discussed.
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Mitigation of Air Pollution and Carbon Footprint by Energy Conservation through CFLs: A Case Study (Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering (JESE))
(,53,1,65-74, Year: 2011)
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Electricity consumption of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) is low, making them a useful tool for minimizing the rapidly increasing demand of electrical energy in India. The present study aims to project the likely electricity conservation in a scenario of complete replacement of existing Fluorescent Tubes (FTs) by CFLs at CSIR-NEERI (National Environmental Engineering Research Institute) vis a vis the financial repercussions and indirect reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases, eg CO, NO, CH, and other air pollutants, eg SO, NO, suspended particulate matter (SPM), black carbon (BC) and mercury (Hg) from coal fired thermal power plants. The calculations show that the Institute could save around 122850 kWh of electricity per annum, thereby saving approximately INR 859950/-(USD 1845386) towardselectricity cost perannum and would be able to minimize 4457908kg of Co-C'equivalent (over 100 year time horizon), 909 kg SO2, 982.8 kg NO, 9.8 kg of BC, 368.5 kg SPM, 18.4 Kg PM10 and 0.0024 kg Hg emissions per annum from a coal fired thermal power plant by conserving electricity at the institute level.
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Computational approach for structure and functionality search for hypothetical proteins in Mycobacterium leprae (CiiT International Journal of Data Mining and Knowledge Engineering)
(S. G. Sanmukh, W.N. Paunikar, T. K. Ghosh,,,, Year: 2011)
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No information is available
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Validation of a multiplex PCR assay for the forensic identification of Indian crocodiles. (Journal of Forensic Sciences)
(Meganathan, P. R., Dubey, B., Jogayya K. N., Haque.I
,,,1241-1244, Year: 2011)
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A dependable and efficient wildlife species identification system is essential for swift dispensation of the justice linking wildlife crimes. Development of molecular techniques is befitting the need of the time. The forensic laboratories often receive highly ill-treated samples for identification purposes, and thus, validation of any novel methodology is necessary for forensic usage. We validate a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay, developed at this laboratory for the forensic identification of three Indian crocodiles, Crocodylus palustris, Crocodylus porosus, and Gavialis gangeticus, following the guidelines of Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods. The multiplex PCR was tested for its specificity, reproducibility, sensitivity, and stability. This study also includes the samples treated with various chemical substances and exposed to various environmental regimes. The result of this validation study promises this technique to be an efficient identification tool for Indian crocodiles and therefore is recommended for forensic purposes.
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Exploring the hypothetical proteins in Rizhophages and their role in influencing Rhizobium species in soil (CiiT International Journal of Artificial Intelligent Systems and Machine Learning)
(W. N. Paunikar, S.G. Sanmukh, T. K. Ghosh,,,, Year: 2011)
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No information is available
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Complete mitochondrial genome sequences of three Crocodylus species and their comparison within the Order Crocodylia. (GENE)
(Meganathan, P. R., Dubey, B., Batzer, M. A., Ray, D. A., Haque.I,,,35-41, Year: 2011)
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Crocodylus is the largest genus within the Order Crocodylia consisting of eleven species. This paper reports the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of three Crocodylus species, Crocodylus moreletii, Crocodylus johnstoni and Crocodylus palustris, and compares the newly obtained mitochondrial DNA sequences with other crocodilians, available in the public databases. The mitochondrial genomes of C. moreletii, C. johnstoni and C. palustris are 16,827 bp, 16,851 bp and 16,852 bp in length, respectively. These mitochondrial genomes consist of 13 protein coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a non-coding region. The mitochondrial genomes of all the Crocodylus species, studied herein show identical characteristics in terms of nucleotide composition and codon usage, suggestive of the existence of analogous evolutionary patterns within the genus, Crocodylus. The synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates for all the protein coding genes of Crocodylus were observed in between 0.001 and 0.275 which reveal the prevalence of purifying selection in these genes. The phylogenetic analyses based on complete mitochondrial DNA data substantiate the previously established crocodilian phylogeny. This study provides a better understanding of the crocodilian mitochondrial genome and the data described herein will prove useful for future studies concerning crocodilian mitochondrial genome evolution.
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Study of hypothetical proteins in Shigella phages (CiiT International Journal of Fuzzy Systems)
(S. G. Sanmukh, W. N. Paunikar ,,,, Year: 2011)
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No information is available
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DNA mini-barcoding: an approach for forensic identification of some endangered Indian snake species (Forensic Science International: Genetics)
(Dubey, B., Meganathan, P. R., Haque. I
,,,181-184, Year: 2011)
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Illegal trade of snake skin and uncontrolled hunting have instigated the extermination of many endangered snake species. Efforts to check illegal trade are often impeded due to lack of proper species identification methods. Hence, conservation strategies demand for authentic and quick identification techniques to trace the origin of the seized samples. This study employs DNA mini-barcoding as a method to identify some endangered snake species of India. We have designed two sets of novel primers for targeting regions within the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I gene to produce 175 bp and 245 bp amplicons. 175 bp fragment was amplified in all 11 snake species studied while the 245 bp amplicon was obtained in 10 species. DNA mini-barcodes recovered from these amplicons enabled the identification of snake species by retrieving the sequences available in public databases. The similarity scores ranging from 98 to 100% (98% taken as threshold value for species identification) signify the consistency of these mini-barcodes in snake species identification. Moreover, the results of the validation study confirm the effectiveness of the technique in forensic perspective, where the diagnostic morphological features of the seized sample are often missing.
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Web based framework for water quality analysis of surface water (Environmental Pollution Control Journal )
(Poonam Prasad, Meenal Chaurasia, R.A.Sohony, Indrani Gupta, Rakesh Kumar,,,, Year: 2011)
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No information is available
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Carbon footprint: current methods of estimation (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment)
(Divya Pandey, Madhoolika Agrawal
,,,178, Year: 2011)
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"Increasing greenhouse gaseous concentration in the atmosphere is perturbing the environment to cause grievous global warming and associated consequences. Following the rule that only measurable is manageable, mensuration of greenhouse gas intensiveness of different products, bodies, and processes is going on worldwide, expressed as their carbon footprints. The methodologies for carbon footprint calculations are still evolving and it is emerging as an important tool for greenhouse gas management. The concept of carbon footprinting has permeated and is being commercialized in all the areas of life and economy, but there is little coherence in definitions and calculations of carbon footprints among the studies. There are disagreements in the selection of gases, and the order of emissions to be covered in footprint calculations. Standards of greenhouse gas accounting are the common resources used in footprint calculations, although there is no mandatory provision of footprint verification. Carbon footprinting is intended to be a tool to guide the relevant emission cuts and verifications, its standardization at international level are therefore necessary. Present review describes the prevailing carbon footprinting methods and raises the related issues."
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Exploration of genetic information from dynamic microbial population for efficiency enhancement of azo dye degrading system
(Nishant Dafale
,19,,310-323, Year: 2011)
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Dye degradation is presently an important area of scientific activity. Today, most wastewater treatment makes use of the conventional processes in the presence and action of a native microbial population. However, the potential natural microbial population and genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) could successfully bioaugment dye biotreatment systems to enhance efficiency. Consequently, treatment facilities are designed to maintain a high density of the desired microbial population to satisfy the bioremediation demand. Nevertheless, malefactions resulting in a decrease of activity are frequent. To better understand the function of the bacterial community, a full description of the microbial population is required. The prominent task of the microbiologist is to compare the structure, dynamics, and function of the existing microbial populations. Even though the last decade has seen a revolution in microbiology, microbial population monitoring still relies on the tools that were available at the beginning of this century. It is the goal of this review to explain the potential and importance of the newly available molecular tools for analyzing microbial populations. Molecular techniques over the last few decades have revealed an enormous reservoir of unexplained microbes. This large genetic diversity has an immense potential to be used as a resource for the development of novel biotransformations, bioremediation processes, and bioenergy generation. This paper will review bioremediation and the exploration of genetic information from microbial populations for efficiency enhancement.
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