Solar assisted alkali pretreatment of garden biomass: Effects on lignocellulose degradation, enzymatic hydrolysis, crystallinity and ultra-structural changes in lignocellulose
(,,,, Year: 2015)
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A comprehensive study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of solar assisted alkali pretreatment (SAAP) on garden biomass (GB). The pretreatment efficiency was assessed based on lignocellulose degradation, conversion of cellulose into reducing sugars, changes in the ultra-structure and functional groups of lignocellulose and impact on the crystallinity of cellulose, etc. SAAP was found to be efficient for the removal of lignin and hemicellulose that facilitated enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. FTIR and XRD studies provided details on the effectiveness of SAAP on lignocellulosic moiety and crystallinity of cellulose. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed ultra-structural disturbances in the microfibrils of GB as a result of pretreatment. The mass balance closer of 97.87% after pretreatment confirmed the reliability of SAAP pretreatment. Based on the results, it is concluded that SAAP is not only an efficient means of pretreatment but also economical as it involved no energy expenditure for heat generation during pretreatmeny.
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Understanding carbon regulation in aquatic systems -Bacteriophages as a model, F1000Research
(,,,, Year: 2015)
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No information is available
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“Ozone Induced Biodegradability Enhancement and Colour Reduction of a Complex Pharmaceutical Effluent” (The journal of Ozone: Science & Engineering )
(,,,, Year: 2015)
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The treatment of a complex pharmaceutical effluent using a combination of ozonation and biological treatment is reported with the use of ozonation as a pre- and posttreatment. Pretreatment facilitated biodegradability index (BI = BOD/COD) enhancement of up to 0.44 along with COD and color reduction of up to 42% and 33%, respectively. Subsequent anaerobic biodegradation of effluent indicated negligible biogas generation; however, aerobic biodegradation of pretreated effluent resulted in COD reduction (73%) and color reduction (62%), which was also indicated by the biokinetic parameters. Further, ozonation as a posttreatment led to higher overall COD (87%) and color (93%) removal.
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Synthesis, Spectral Properties and DFT Calculations of new Ruthenium (II) polypyridyl Complexes; DNA Binding Affinity and in Vitro Cytotoxicity Activity (Journal of Fluorescence)
(Mallepally, R.R., Chintakuntla, N., Putta, V.R., K, N., Vuradi, R.K., P,M., S, S.S., Chitumalla, R.K. Jang J.,Penumaka, N., Sirasani, S. ,27 (4), ,,1513-1530, Year: 2015)
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In this paper a novel ligand debip (2–(4–N,N–diethylbenzenamine)1H–imidazo[4,5–f] [1, 10]phenanthroline) and its Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes [Ru(L)2(debip)]2+, (L = phen (1), bpy (2) and dmb (3)) have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The DNA binding studies for all these complexes were examined by absorption, emission, quenching studies, viscosity measurements and cyclic voltammetry. The light switching properties of complexes 1–3 have been evaluated. Molecular docking, Density Functional Theory (DFT) and time dependent DFT calculations were performed. The Ru(II) complexes exhibited efficient photocleavage activity against pBR322 DNA upon irradiation and exhibited good antimicrobial activity. Also investigated 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) against selected cancer cell lines (HeLa, PC3, Lancap, MCF-7 and MD-MBA 231).
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"Effect of hydrophobicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products for adsorption on activated carbon: Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and mechanism" (Environmental Science and Pollution Research)
(Harkirat Kaur & Amit Bansiwal & Girivyankatesh Hippargi & Girish R. Pophali1
,,,20473–20485, Year: 2015)
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"Adsorption of three pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), namely caffeine, ibuprofen and triclosan on commercial powdered activated carbon was examined in aqueous medium. The contaminants were chosen based on their diverse log Kow (octanol-water partition coefficient) viz. − 0.07 for caffeine, 3.97 for ibuprofen and 4.76 for triclosan to examine the role of hydrophobicity on adsorption process. The adsorbent characterisation was achieved using BET surface area, SEM, pore size distribution studies and FTIR. Influence of mass of PAC, contact time, solution pH and initial concentration on adsorption capacity of PAC was studied. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics were applied to establish the mechanism of adsorption. The kinetics followed pseudosecond order with physisorption occurring through particle diffusion. The Freundlich model fitted best among the isotherm models. The adsorption capacity increased in the order CFN < IBU < TCS which correlates with increasing hydrophobicity (log Kow), molecular weight and decreasing water solubility, respectively. We conclude that micro-pollutant hydrophobicity contributes towards adsorption on activated carbon."
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Development and validation of microbial bioassay for quantification of Levofloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations (Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis)
(Nishant Dafale, Uttam Semwal, Piyush Agarwal, Pradip Sharma, G. N. Singh ,51,,18-26, Year: 2015)
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The aim of this study was to develop and validate a simple, sensitive, precise and cost-effective one-level agar diffusion (5+1) bioassay for estimation of potency and bioactivity of Levofloxacin in pharmaceutical preparation which has not yet been reported in any pharmacopoeia. Among 16 microbial strains, Bacillus pumilus ATCC-14884 was selected as the most significant strain against Levofloxacin. Bioassay was optimized by investigating several factors such as buffer pH, inoculums concentration and reference standard concentration. Identification of Levofloxacin in commercial sample Levoflox tablet was done by FTIR spectroscopy. Mean potency recovery value for Levofloxacin in Levoflox tablet was estimated as 100.90%. A validated bioassay method showed linearity (r2=0.988), precision (Interday RSD=1.05%, between analyst RSD=1.02%) and accuracy (101.23%, RSD=0.72%). Bioassay was correlated with HPLC using same sample and estimated potencies were 100.90% and 99.37%, respectively. Results show that bioassay is a suitable method for estimation of potency and bioactivity of Levofloxacin pharmaceutical preparations.
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Effective carbon and nutrient treatment solutions for mixed domestic-industrial wastewater in India (Water Science & Technology)
(S. Saha,N. bodhe,D. Seuntejens, S. E. Vlaeminck, R. Biswas Mondal, T. Nandy,volume 72(4),,page 651-657, Year: 2015)
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No information is available
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Methanol induces low temperature resilient methanogens and improves methane generation from domestic wastewater at low to moderate temperatures (Bioresource Technology)
(Shaswati Saha, Neha Badhe, Jo De Vrieze, Rima Biswas & Tapas Nandy,volume189,,page 370-378, Year: 2015)
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No information is available
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Silver/polydiguanide complex, preparation method thereof, and antibacterial composition containing the same as an active ingredient (US Patent)
(Joon Myong Song, Sukdeb Pal,,,, Year: 2015)
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No information is available
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Genome Annotation and Validation of Keratin-Hydrolyzing Proteolytic Enzymes from Serratia marcescens EGD-HP 20 (Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology)
(Fuke, P.;
Gujar, V. V.;
Khardenavis, A. A
,184(3),,970- 986, Year: 2015)
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No information is available
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Screening bamboo species for salt tolerance using growth parameters , physiological response and osmolytes accumulation as effective indicators (Chemistry and Ecology)
(Pulavarty, A.;
Sarangi, B. K,344,,340- 354, Year: 2015)
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No information is available
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Combined heterogeneous Electro-Fenton and biological process for the treatment of stabilized landfill leachate (Journal of Environmental Management)
(Archa Baiju, R. Gandhimathi, S.T. Ramesh, P.V. Nidheesh
,210,,328-337, Year: 2015)
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Treatment of stabilized land all leachate is a great challenge due to its poor biodegradability. Present study made an attempt to treat this wastewater by combining electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) and biological process. E-Fenton treatment was applied prior to biological process to enhance the biodegradability of leachate, which will be bene?cial for the subsequent biological process. This study also investigates the ef?ciency of iron molybdophosphate (FeMoPO) nanoparticles as a heterogeneous catalyst in E-Fenton process. The effects of initial pH, catalyst dosage, applied voltage and electrode spacing on Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal ef?ciency were analyzed to determine the optimum conditions. Heterogeneous E-Fenton process gave 82% COD removal at pH 2, catalyst dosage of 50 mg/L, voltage 5 V, electrode spacing 3 cm and electrode area 25 cm 2 . Combined E-Fenton and biological treatment resulted an overall COD removal of 97%, bringing down the ?nal COD to 192 mg/L.
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Mixotrophic cultivation of microalge to enhance the quality of lipid for biodiestion of cow dung mixed with food waste. (Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering)
("Gupta, S.;
Pawar, S. B.
"
,41(4),,531- 542, Year: 2015)
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No information is available
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Draft genome sequence of Penicillium chrysogenum strain HKF2, a fungus with potential for production of prebiotic synthesizing (3Biotech)
(Gujar, V. V.;
Fuke, P.;
Khardenavis, A. A.;
Purohit, H. J.
,8(2),,106, Year: 2015)
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No information is available
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Individual and Societal Risk Assessment for a Petroleum Oil Storage Terminal (Journal of Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste)
(Bhola R. Gurjar, Ravi K. Sharma, Santosh P. Ghuge, Satish R. Wate, Rajat Agrawal,19 (4),,1-9., Year: 2015)
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This paper presents an assessment of individual and societal risk associated with the effects of explosions and fires in the petroleum oil storage terminal of Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), Jaipur, India, that occurred on October 29, 2009. Eleven fatalities and a property loss of approximately U.S. $60 million were reported. The maximum risk level at a distance of around 100 m from the release point is 10−4 per year. The next risk level, i.e., 10−5 per year is at a distance of 280 m within the terminal boundary. This paper demonstrates that the individual risk inside the terminal for various categories of personnel is in the range of 10−5 to 10−6 per year. Moreover, F=N curve (where N is the number of fatalities, and F is the frequency of N or more fatalities) indicating societal risk is in the so-called as low as reasonably practicable region. Thus the total risk at the terminal does not lie in the unacceptable region, but in the as low as reasonably practicable region where substantial measures for a risk reduction were needed. The consequences in and around the terminal were high, which might be due to the failure or absence of certain precautionary measures. The paper is useful to assess the fire and explosion risk of a petroleum oil storage terminal to avoid major accidents.
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Natural Vs. reclaimed forests-a case study of successional change, reclamation technique and phytodiversity (Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment)
(Asha A. Juwarkar, Lal Singh, Sanjeev Kumar Singh, Hemalata P. Jambhulkar, Prashant R. Thawale, and Harsha Kanfade,Vol. : 29,issue 6, p. 476-498, Year: 2015)
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The present study accounts for the successional changes that took place in vegetation structure and composition over a time span of 25 years at reclaimed manganese mine site. Adjoining natural forest site was also studied for comparison of floral composition. The results corroborate the fact that as the age of succession increases, the reclaimed area gets invaded by higher successional species leading to an ecologically sound self-sustaining restructured system. This is an indication of the efficacy of the restoration programme. Plant species diversity of reclaimed site was 3.34, 2.81 and 2.12 for herbs, shrubs and trees, respectively, whereas in the adjoining natural forest site (Pench national park, reserved forest), it was 2.74, 1.88 and 2.13 for herbs, shrubs and trees, respectively. Phytodiversity assessments at both sites led to the conclusion that higher values of importance value index (IVI) were obtained for shrubs and herbs at the reclaimed site when compared to the adjoining natural forest site. However, higher values of tree diversity and IVI were associated with the natural forest site than the 25-year-old reclaimed site. This paper compares the composition of flora, species diversity and rapid succession of phytodiversity of a 25-year old reclaimed site with nearby natural reserved forest site. Plant species richness of reclaimed site was 141, 38 and 18 for herbs, shrubs and trees, respectively, as compared to reserved forest site values of 55, 11 and 20 for herbs, shrubs and trees, respectively. Also, this paper evaluates the total and available nutrient, and microbial diversity in both the newly formed ecosystem and the adjacent natural forest site.
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Free iron status & insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Analyzing the probable role of a peanut protein (Indian J Med Res)
(Souvik Sen, Sumanta Kumar Ghatak,Kamalika Sen. , Dipanjali Majumdar,142,,606-609, Year: 2015)
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Iron overload in blood serum has been related with early onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A comparative study was made between free iron and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic population of South Kolkata, India. Free iron is measured in serum using post colum derivatisation method with coupled with HPLC technique. It was found that an index obtained from (BMI×Fe3+/Fe2+) directly varies with insulin resistance in female subjects. Over the counter use of iron medications may be seriously questioned as free iron was found to be significantly increased in diabetic population. Peanut protein, conarachin I was found to have high iron binding efficiency and was studied for its chelation effect for free iron in the blood serum in vitro for formulating probable remediation.
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A monograph on the remediation of hazardous phthalates. Journal of Hazardous Material
(Benjamin, S., Pradeep, S., Josh, M.S., Kumar, S., &Masai, E.,298,,58-72, Year: 2015)
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Phthalates or phthalic acid esters are a group of xenobiotic and hazardous compounds blended in plastics to enhance their plasticity and versatility. Enormous quantities of phthalates are produced globally for the production of plastic goods, whose disposal and leaching out into the surroundings cause serious concerns to the environment, biota and human health. Though in silico computational, in vitro mechanistic, pre-clinical animal and clinicalhumanstudies showed endocrine disruption, hepatotoxic, teratogenic and carcinogenic properties, usage of phthalates continues due to their cuteness, attractive chemical properties, low production cost and lack of suitable alternatives. Studies revealed that microbes isolated from phthalate-contaminated environmental niches efficiently bioremediate various phthalates. Based upon this background, this review addresses the enumeration of major phthalates used in industry, routes of environmental contamination, evidences for health hazards, routes for in situ and ex situ microbial degradation, bacterial pathways involved in the degradation, major enzymes involved in the degradation process, half-lives of phthalates in environments, etc. Briefly, this handy module would enable the readers, environmentalists and policy makers to understand the impact of phthalates on the environment and the biota, coupled with the concerted microbial efforts to alleviate the burden of ever increasing load posed by phthalates.
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Polymorphisms in DNA repair and multidrug resistance genes among Sindhis of Central India (Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology)
(Pramanik S, Surendran ST, Arumugam S, Devi S, Krishnamurthi K, Chakrabarti T (Corresponding Author),40(2),,480-485, Year: 2015)
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Polymorphisms in DNA repair and multidrug resistance genes might contribute to interindividual and interethnic differences in DNA repair capacity and drug disposition respectively. In the present study, we determined the allele and genotype frequencies of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the DNA repair genes, XRCC1, XRCC3, XPD, OGG1, namely XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XRCC3 Thr241Met, XPD Lys751Gln, and OGG1 Ser326Cys, respectively and two SNPs located in the multidrug resistance gene, ABCB1, namely ABCB1 C3435T and ABCB1 C1236T, in 33-35 healthy and unrelated Sindhi individuals, residing in the Vidarbha region of Central India and compared them with the Maharashtrian population from the same geographical region and some other HapMap populations from the HapMap database. The study findings reveal that the Indian Sindhis are closely related to the Maharashtrians as well as Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry and Gujarati Indians in Houston, Texas in the HapMap database.
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Effects of unregulated anthropogenic activities on mixing ratios of volatile organic air pollutants?A case study (Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association)
(D Majumdar, PS Rao, B Dinda Chakraborty, A Srivastava. ,65(9),,1094-1103, Year: 2015)
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"During the months of October to November, many important festivals are celebrated in India. Celebration of these festivals are marked by extensive use of fireworks or pyrotechnics, bonfire, incense burning, open air community cooking, and temporary eateries using crude fuel such as coal, wood, kerosene, cow dung, burning of raw/semiwood, and coconut shells. The present study deals with the influence of these unregulated anthropogenic activities on ambient mixing level of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), especially some carbonyl compounds. The study was undertaken in the metropolitan city of Kolkata, India, with very high population density, which is even higher during festival period. The average total carbonyl level at different sites in Kolkata varied from 134.8 to 516.5 μg m−3 in pre-festival season, whereas in post-festival season the same varied from 252.2 to 589.3 μg m−3. Formaldehyde to acetaldehyde ratio altered from 0.62 in pre-festival season to 1.78 in post-festival season. Diurnal variation also altered, indicating variation in source composition of carbonyls. The total ozone forming potential calculated for all 14 carbonyls in pre-festival season increased by 35% in post-festival season. The effect of anthropogenic activities typical to the event of Diwali night characterized by intense execution of pyrotechnics resulted in significantly high level of carbonyl VOCs. Principal component analysis study for the event of Diwali shows clear contribution of the event on certain carbonyl VOCs. The results indicate elevated primary emissions of these pollutants and also their effect on formation of secondary pollutants. The study emphasizes the need of generating awareness among the communities in society as well as need for regulations to minimize the emissions and related hazards to the extent possible"
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